Giant African Millipede

Giant African Millipede (Archispirostreptus gigas)

Overview

The Giant African Millipede is one of the largest millipede species in the world, native to the tropical forests of East Africa. Known for their impressive size, peaceful nature, and fascinating behaviors, these millipedes are popular pets for those looking for a unique and low-maintenance arthropod. Their slow movement and interesting appearance make them a captivating addition to any exotic pet collection.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Giant African Millipedes can grow up to 10-12 inches in length, making them one of the largest millipedes in the world.
• Lifespan: With proper care, they can live 7-10 years in captivity.
• Appearance: These millipedes have a smooth, segmented body with a glossy brown or black exoskeleton. Their body consists of up to 100 segments, each with two pairs of legs. They have a cylindrical shape and can coil into a ball if threatened, although they are not typically aggressive.

Housing

• Enclosure: A 10-20 gallon tank is ideal for a single or small group of Giant African Millipedes. Ensure the enclosure has a secure lid, as these millipedes can climb and escape if given the chance.
• Substrate: Use a deep layer of substrate such as coconut coir, peat moss, or a mixture of soil and sand. This provides a moist environment for the millipede and allows them to burrow, which is essential for their well-being.
• Hides and Enrichment: Include pieces of bark, leaves, or other natural materials for hiding and climbing. Providing ample space for burrowing will allow the millipedes to exhibit natural behaviors, reducing stress.

Temperature and Humidity

• Temperature: Maintain a temperature range of 75-85°F. Avoid temperatures below 70°F, as this can cause stress or health issues.
• Humidity: Giant African Millipedes require high humidity, typically between 60-80%. Mist the enclosure regularly or use a humidity gauge to monitor levels. Ensure there is always a moist area in the enclosure, which they will seek out for hydration.
• Heating: Use a low-wattage heat mat or ceramic heat emitter if necessary to maintain the appropriate temperature gradient. Avoid using heat lamps, which can dry out the enclosure.

Lighting

• Lighting: Giant African Millipedes do not require special lighting. However, providing a regular day-night cycle (12 hours light/dark) will help maintain a natural rhythm. Avoid direct sunlight, as this can overheat the enclosure and dry it out.
• UVB Lighting: While they do not need UVB lighting, it can be beneficial in maintaining a more natural environment and promoting healthy activity levels.

Feeding

• Diet: Giant African Millipedes are herbivores and will feed on a variety of organic plant matter, including leafy greens, vegetables, fruits, and decaying plant material. They are detritivores, meaning they also help break down decaying organic matter in their habitat.
• Food Choices: Offer a variety of foods like lettuce, kale, carrots, apples, cucumbers, and other soft vegetables. They will also enjoy rotting wood, dead leaves, and other organic matter.
• Supplements: Occasionally, you can provide a calcium supplement in the form of crushed cuttlebone or calcium powder to help with exoskeleton development.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: Giant African Millipedes are generally calm and slow-moving, making them easy to handle. However, they are sensitive to rough handling, so it’s best to handle them gently and support their entire body. They may excrete a mild defensive fluid if they feel threatened, but this is not harmful.
• Behavior: These millipedes are nocturnal, meaning they are most active during the night. They are slow-moving but very active when they are foraging or exploring. They spend much of their time burrowing and eating decaying plant matter.

Health and Veterinary Care

• Common Issues: Keep an eye out for dehydration, as they require a humid environment to thrive. Overly dry conditions can cause them to become sluggish and dehydrated. Additionally, ensure they have a balanced diet to prevent nutritional deficiencies.
• Veterinary Care: Regular check-ups with a veterinarian knowledgeable in invertebrate care are recommended, especially if you notice unusual behavior or symptoms such as lethargy or skin shedding problems.

Conclusion

The Giant African Millipede is a fascinating, low-maintenance pet that offers a unique opportunity to observe natural behaviors and enjoy the beauty of one of the largest and most impressive millipedes in the world. Their peaceful demeanor and easy care requirements make them an excellent choice for both beginner and experienced reptile or arthropod enthusiasts. With proper care, Giant African Millipedes can live long, healthy lives and provide years of enjoyment in your exotic pet collection.