Smooth-Sided Brown Toad

Smooth-Sided Toad (Bufo guttatus)

Overview

The Smooth-Sided Toad, scientifically known as Bufo guttatus, is a fascinating and relatively less common amphibian in the pet trade. Native to parts of Central America, particularly Panama and Costa Rica, this toad is known for its distinctive smooth skin, large size, and docile nature. These toads are ideal for both beginner and intermediate amphibian enthusiasts due to their manageable size and simple care requirements. While they may not be as well-known as other pet toads, their striking appearance and calm demeanor make them an appealing choice for collectors.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Smooth-Sided Toads are relatively large, with adults typically reaching lengths of 3.5 to 5 inches (8-13 cm). Females are generally larger than males.
• Lifespan: These toads can live up to 10-15 years in captivity with proper care.
• Appearance: The Smooth-Sided Toad is characterized by its smooth, relatively warty skin that is lighter in color, often tan or grayish, with darker markings or spots. These toads have large, prominent eyes and a robust, somewhat stocky body. Their skin may have a slightly glossy texture, giving them a distinctive and attractive appearance.
• Distinctive Feature: As their name suggests, the Smooth-Sided Toad has less pronounced warts on its skin compared to other toad species, giving it a smoother texture.

Housing

• Enclosure: A medium-sized enclosure (10-20 gallons) is sufficient for a single Smooth-Sided Toad. Larger enclosures are appropriate for multiple toads or larger setups. A vertically oriented tank is not necessary, as these toads do not climb; however, providing horizontal space for them to move and explore is essential.
• Substrate: A substrate of organic soil, coconut coir, or a mix of soil and sphagnum moss works well for this species. It should be deep enough to allow for burrowing, as these toads often spend time hiding under the substrate. A thick layer of dampened substrate will help maintain humidity levels.
• Hides and Enrichment: Provide several hiding spots such as small caves, flat rocks, or pieces of bark where the toad can retreat when it feels threatened or needs rest. A few large, non-toxic plants or decorations can help replicate the toad’s natural habitat.
• Water Source: Smooth-Sided Toads are semi-aquatic, meaning they require access to clean, fresh water for both drinking and soaking. A shallow water dish or a small water area in the enclosure will suffice, but make sure it’s easy for the toad to enter and exit without difficulty. It’s important to change the water regularly to prevent bacterial growth.

Temperature and Humidity

• Temperature: These toads do best in a temperature range of 75-80°F (24-27°C) during the day, with a slight drop at night to around 70°F (21°C). It’s important not to allow the enclosure to exceed temperatures above 85°F (29°C), as this could stress the toad.
• Humidity: Smooth-Sided Toads thrive in moderate to high humidity levels, ideally between 60-80%. Mist the enclosure daily to maintain humidity and keep the substrate moist but not waterlogged. Use a hygrometer to monitor humidity levels to ensure they remain stable.
• Heating: Depending on the ambient temperature of the room, a low-wattage heat bulb or a heating mat can be used to maintain the required temperature, but it’s important not to make the habitat too hot or dry. Ensure the enclosure has proper ventilation to prevent overheating.

Feeding

• Diet: Smooth-Sided Toads are carnivorous and will readily consume a variety of live insects such as crickets, earthworms, mealworms, and roaches. They may also enjoy small feeder fish, such as guppies or minnows, if provided in moderation.
• Feeding Frequency: Adults should be fed 2-3 times a week, while younger toads may require more frequent feedings. Dust the food with a calcium and vitamin D3 supplement to ensure they receive the necessary nutrients for healthy growth and development.
• Water: Provide a shallow water dish for hydration. Toads will often soak in the water, helping to keep their skin moist and aiding in digestion.

Lighting

• Lighting: While Smooth-Sided Toads are not highly dependent on UVB light, providing a light cycle of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness is important to regulate their circadian rhythm. A simple LED or fluorescent light will suffice. If the toad is housed with live plants, a UVB light may be beneficial to help support plant health.
• Nighttime Conditions: Since they are nocturnal, the toad will be most active at night when the light is turned off. A low-wattage, non-heat emitting light can be used for daytime visibility.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: While Smooth-Sided Toads are generally not aggressive, they can become stressed by handling. It is best to limit handling to avoid causing unnecessary stress, and always wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling to prevent the transfer of oils or chemicals that can harm the toad. If you must handle them, be gentle and support their body fully.
• Temperament: These toads are relatively calm and shy by nature. They tend to be more active during the evening and nighttime hours, often spending their days hiding in damp, cool areas of their enclosure. They are solitary creatures and do not require interaction with other toads, although multiple individuals can be housed together if space permits, as long as there is enough food and hiding spots for each animal.

Health and Veterinary Care

• Common Issues: One of the most common issues that Smooth-Sided Toads face in captivity is dehydration or improper humidity. These toads have delicate skin that can dry out quickly, so maintaining a humid environment is key to their health. They are also susceptible to skin infections or fungal issues if kept in an overly moist or unsanitary environment.
• Molting: Smooth-Sided Toads do not molt like reptiles, but they do shed their skin periodically. It’s important to ensure that their environment is clean and moist enough for them to shed easily.
• Veterinary Care: As with any exotic pet, it’s important to monitor the toad’s health regularly. Symptoms of illness can include lack of appetite, lethargy, or changes in skin texture or coloration. If you notice any of these signs, consult a veterinarian who specializes in amphibians.

Conclusion

The Smooth-Sided Toad (Bufo guttatus) is a unique and visually striking amphibian that makes an excellent pet for both beginner and experienced enthusiasts. Their relatively simple care requirements, docile nature, and fascinating behavior make them a rewarding pet to keep. Whether you're looking for a unique addition to your amphibian collection or a low-maintenance, captivating pet, the Smooth-Sided Toad is sure to meet your needs.