African Fat-Tailed Geckos

African Fat-Tailed Gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus)

Overview

The African Fat-Tailed Gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus) is a gentle, ground-dwelling gecko species native to the arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa. Known for their calm demeanor, manageable size, and fat-storing tails, these geckos are popular pets. African Fat-Tailed Geckos are often compared to Leopard Geckos, but they differ in some care needs and have a distinct color palette, typically with earth tones and sometimes a prominent dorsal stripe.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Adults reach around 7-9 inches (18-23 cm) in length.
• Lifespan: With proper care, they can live 10-15 years, and some even reach 20 years in captivity.
• Appearance: African Fat-Tailed Geckos have a soft, thick tail used to store fat reserves, and they come in shades of brown, beige, orange, and white. Common patterns include bands and stripes, with morphs like the amelanistic (albino) and white-out becoming more popular.
• Distinctive Features: Their name comes from their thick, chubby tail, which functions as a nutrient reserve, allowing them to go for extended periods without food in their natural habitat.

Housing

• Enclosure Size: A single adult can be housed in a 10-gallon tank, but a 20-gallon (30x12x12 inches or 76x30x30 cm) tank is recommended for more space. A secure top is essential, as these geckos can occasionally climb.
• Substrate: A solid substrate, such as reptile carpet, paper towels, or tile, is recommended for ease of cleaning and to prevent ingestion risks. A bioactive soil mix or moist hides with coconut fiber can also work well to maintain humidity.
• Temperature and Humidity: African Fat-Tailed Geckos require a warm side of about 88-92°F (31-33°C) and a cool side at 72-80°F (22-27°C). Humidity should be maintained around 50-70%—higher than Leopard Geckos need but essential for African Fat-Tails. A heat mat under the enclosure or a ceramic heat emitter can provide the necessary warmth.
• Lighting: As they are crepuscular (active at dawn and dusk), they don’t require UVB lighting, but a low-output UVB (2-5%) light can be beneficial for their overall health. Use a light cycle of 10-12 hours of light daily.

Décor and Enrichment

• Hides: African Fat-Tailed Geckos require multiple hides—a warm hide, a cool hide, and a moist hide. The moist hide, containing damp moss or coconut fiber, helps with shedding and humidity needs.
• Enclosure Decor: Include flat rocks, logs, and branches for climbing and additional security. They prefer low hides and areas where they can burrow slightly, which mimics their natural environment.

Feeding

• Diet: African Fat-Tailed Geckos are insectivores and thrive on a varied diet of live insects, including crickets, mealworms, dubia roaches, and occasional treats like waxworms or hornworms.
• Feeding Frequency: Feed juveniles daily and adults every 2-3 days. Adjust portions according to their size, age, and overall body condition.
• Supplements: Dust insects with calcium and vitamin D3 2-3 times a week for adults and every other feeding for juveniles. Offer a multivitamin once a week to ensure they receive all essential nutrients.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: African Fat-Tailed Geckos are generally docile and tolerate handling well. Support their whole body gently, and avoid sudden movements. Be cautious around their tail, as they may drop it if they feel threatened.
• Temperament: Known for their calm nature, they are one of the more relaxed gecko species and rarely bite. With regular, gentle handling, they can become accustomed to interaction and may even recognize their keepers.

Health and Maintenance

• Shedding: With proper humidity, African Fat-Tailed Geckos usually shed without issue. If you notice incomplete shed around toes or tail, increase misting or check the humidity level in the enclosure.
• Common Health Concerns: They are generally hardy but may develop metabolic bone disease (MBD) if not given sufficient calcium. Respiratory infections can occur if their enclosure is too humid or cold, so monitoring their environment is key. Watch for signs of lethargy, tail thinning, or poor appetite, as these can indicate health issues.

Breeding

• Breeding Season: African Fat-Tailed Geckos typically breed in the spring. Males and females should be introduced carefully, as they can occasionally be territorial or aggressive.
• Egg Incubation: Females can lay clutches of 1-2 eggs every 2-3 weeks during the breeding season. Incubate eggs at 80-84°F (27-29°C) for around 45-60 days. Incubation temperature influences hatchling gender, with higher temperatures favoring females and cooler temperatures favoring males.

Conclusion

The African Fat-Tailed Gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus) is a hardy, easy-to-care-for species that brings character and charm to any reptile collection. With a friendly disposition, minimal space needs, and simple diet, African Fat-Tailed Geckos are an excellent choice for reptile enthusiasts of all levels. With proper care, they can be a delightful and long-lived companion.