Chinese Water Dragons

Chinese Water Dragon (Physignathus cocincinus)

Overview

The Chinese Water Dragon (Physignathus cocincinus), also known as the Asian Water Dragon, is a semi-aquatic, arboreal lizard native to Southeast Asia, specifically found in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China. Known for their vibrant green coloration and characteristic crest, Chinese Water Dragons are hardy, social reptiles that adapt well to captivity and can become quite tame with regular handling. Their love for both climbing and swimming makes them an ideal choice for owners who can provide a spacious, enriched environment.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Adult males can reach 3 feet (90 cm) in length, while females are typically smaller, around 2 feet (60 cm).
• Lifespan: With proper care, they can live 10-15 years in captivity.
• Appearance: Chinese Water Dragons are typically a bright green color with a slight turquoise tint, and they may have a reddish or orange tint on the throat. Males often have larger crests along the head and back, while both genders have a muscular tail used for swimming and defense.
• Distinctive Features: Their long, strong tail, expressive eyes, and vivid color make them stand out. They can also change color slightly based on mood, health, and temperature.

Housing

• Enclosure: A large, vertical enclosure is essential for Chinese Water Dragons, with at least 4x2x4 feet (120x60x120 cm) for a single adult. Larger is always better for this active species. A glass or PVC enclosure with plenty of ventilation is recommended.
• Substrate: Use a moisture-retentive substrate, such as coconut coir, cypress mulch, or orchid bark, to maintain humidity. Ensure that any substrate is safe for ingestion to prevent impaction if accidentally swallowed.
• Temperature and Humidity: Maintain a temperature gradient of 84-88°F (29-31°C) with a basking area around 90-95°F (32-35°C). Nighttime temperatures can drop to 75-80°F (24-27°C). Humidity should be kept between 60-80%, achievable with misting and substrate moisture.
• Lighting: Chinese Water Dragons need UVB lighting for 10-12 hours daily to support vitamin D synthesis and calcium absorption. Use a full-spectrum UVB bulb (10%) to ensure they receive adequate exposure.

Décor and Enrichment

• Climbing Structures: As an arboreal species, Water Dragons need vertical space with branches, logs, vines, and platforms to climb. Add a variety of climbing materials to support their agility and encourage exploration.
• Water Feature: They require a large water area for swimming, ideally a basin large enough for them to fully submerge. This helps replicate their natural environment and provides enrichment and hydration. Clean the water regularly to maintain hygiene.
• Hides and Humidity: Provide hides at different levels and areas in the enclosure. This will allow the Water Dragon to feel secure and regulate its body temperature more effectively.

Feeding

• Diet: Chinese Water Dragons are omnivores, with a diet mainly consisting of live insects, supplemented by small amounts of fruits and leafy greens. Offer gut-loaded crickets, mealworms, dubia roaches, and occasional pinky mice for variety. Fruits like strawberries, mango, and blueberries can be added occasionally.
• Feeding Frequency: Juveniles should be fed daily, while adults can be fed every other day. Fruits and vegetables can be offered 1-2 times a week as treats.
• Supplements: Dust insects with a calcium supplement (with vitamin D3) every feeding for juveniles and every other feeding for adults. A multivitamin supplement should be provided weekly.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: Chinese Water Dragons can be skittish, especially when young, but they often become docile and tolerate handling as they get used to their keeper. Move slowly, support their body well, and avoid holding them by the tail, as they may drop it if threatened.
• Temperament: Water Dragons are generally friendly and curious, though they may be shy initially. Over time, they can become interactive with their keeper, often watching or following movements around their enclosure.

Health and Maintenance

• Shedding: Chinese Water Dragons shed their skin regularly, and proper humidity helps prevent shedding issues. Increase misting during shedding periods to ensure a smooth shed, especially around the toes and tail.
• Common Health Concerns: Without proper UVB, they can develop metabolic bone disease (MBD), leading to soft bones and deformities. Respiratory infections can also occur if the enclosure lacks adequate humidity and ventilation. Regular observation, optimal humidity, and a balanced diet can prevent these issues.

Breeding

• Breeding Season: Chinese Water Dragons usually breed in the spring and summer. Females lay clutches of 6-20 eggs, which should be incubated at 80-85°F (27-29°C) for approximately 60-90 days.
• Egg Laying: Provide a lay box with moist substrate if you have a breeding female, as she will need a place to lay her eggs to prevent egg-binding.

Conclusion

The Chinese Water Dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) is an engaging, active lizard known for its striking color and semi-aquatic lifestyle. With their long lifespan, beautiful appearance, and curious temperament, these lizards make a fantastic pet for keepers willing to provide the large, enriched environment they need. While they require regular maintenance and are prone to certain health issues without proper care, a well-kept Water Dragon can bring years of enjoyment and companionship.