Savannah Monitors

Savannah Monitor (Varanus exanthematicus)

Overview

Savannah Monitors are robust, intelligent lizards native to the grasslands and savannas of Africa. Known for their stocky build, engaging behaviors, and relatively straightforward care requirements, they are a popular choice for reptile enthusiasts who have the space and resources to care for a larger lizard. Savannah Monitors can make rewarding pets for those prepared to meet their needs.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Adult Savannah Monitors typically reach 2.5 to 4 feet in length.
• Lifespan: With proper care, they can live for 10-15 years.
• Appearance: Savannah Monitors have a stout body with strong limbs and a broad head. Their coloration is generally a mix of browns and tans with darker bands and spots, providing effective camouflage in their natural habitat. They have a thick, muscular tail used for defense and balance.

Housing

• Enclosure: A large, secure enclosure is essential for these active lizards. An adult Savannah Monitor requires at least an 8 x 4 x 4-foot enclosure, with even larger spaces being preferable.
• Substrate: Use substrates like cypress mulch, topsoil, or a sand-soil mix. These substrates should be deep enough to allow for burrowing and digging, which are natural behaviors for Savannah Monitors.
• Hides and Enrichment: Provide multiple hiding spots, climbing structures, and digging areas to help them feel secure and engaged. Include large rocks, logs, and sturdy branches.

Temperature and Humidity

• Temperature: Maintain a temperature gradient with a basking spot of 100-110°F and an ambient temperature of 80-85°F during the day. Night temperatures can drop to 75-80°F.
• Heating: Use basking lamps and ceramic heat emitters to achieve the desired temperature gradient. Ensure the basking area is large enough for the lizard's entire body to be heated.
• Humidity: Keep humidity levels between 40-60%. Provide a large water dish for soaking and mist the enclosure as needed. Higher humidity may be required during shedding periods.

Lighting

• UVB Lighting: Savannah Monitors require UVB lighting to synthesize vitamin D3 and absorb calcium. Provide UVB lighting for 10-12 hours a day.
• Light Cycle: Maintain a regular 12-hour light/dark cycle to simulate natural conditions.
• Lighting Options: Use fluorescent UVB bulbs or mercury vapor bulbs to provide both heat and UVB light.

Feeding

• Diet: Savannah Monitors are carnivorous and require a varied diet of insects, small mammals, and occasionally other protein sources.
• Insects: Offer insects like crickets, mealworms, and dubia roaches. Dust insects with calcium and vitamin supplements.
• Small Mammals: Feed appropriately sized rodents such as mice or rats. These should be offered less frequently but are an important part of their diet.
• Other Proteins: Occasionally offer hard-boiled eggs, cooked chicken, and other lean meats. Avoid feeding too much fatty food to prevent obesity.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: Savannah Monitors can become accustomed to handling but should be approached with patience and care. Start with short handling sessions and gradually increase the duration as the monitor becomes more comfortable. Always support their body fully to prevent stress or injury.
• Behavior: They are intelligent and curious, often exploring their environment and interacting with enrichment items. Regular interaction can help them become more social and responsive to their keeper.

Health and Veterinary Care

• Common Issues: Monitor for respiratory infections, parasites, and obesity. Ensure proper UVB lighting, humidity, and a balanced diet to prevent health issues.
• Veterinary Care: Regular check-ups with a reptile veterinarian are essential to monitor their health and address any issues promptly.

Conclusion

Savannah Monitors are a robust and intelligent species that can make rewarding pets for experienced reptile keepers. Their engaging behaviors, impressive size, and captivating presence make them a fascinating addition to any reptile collection. With the right environment and care, Savannah Monitors can thrive and provide years of enjoyment to their keepers.