Gopher Snakes

1Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer)

Overview

Gopher Snakes, also known as Bullsnakes in some regions, are a robust and adaptable species native to North America. They are renowned for their impressive size, striking patterns, and calm temperament. These non-venomous constrictors are excellent for rodent control and make great pets for reptile enthusiasts of all experience levels.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Adult Gopher Snakes typically reach 4 to 6 feet in length, with some individuals growing up to 7 feet.
• Lifespan: With proper care, they can live for 15-20 years.
• Appearance: Gopher Snakes have a tan or yellowish base color with dark brown, black, or reddish blotches along their back. They have keeled scales, which give them a rough texture, and a distinct head shape that can be slightly triangular when threatened.

Housing

• Enclosure: A secure, escape-proof enclosure is essential. A 40-gallon tank is suitable for adults, while juveniles can start in a smaller enclosure.
• Substrate: Use substrates like aspen shavings, cypress mulch, or newspaper. These substrates should be easy to clean and help maintain appropriate humidity levels.
• Hides: Provide multiple hiding spots to help them feel secure. Include one hide on the warm side and one on the cool side of the enclosure.
• Climbing: While primarily terrestrial, Gopher Snakes enjoy some climbing opportunities. Include sturdy branches and rocks to mimic their natural habitat.

Temperature and Humidity

• Temperature: Maintain a temperature gradient with a basking spot of 85-90°F and a cool side around 70-75°F.
• Heating: Use an under-tank heater or a ceramic heat emitter. Avoid direct contact with heat rocks to prevent burns.
• Humidity: Keep humidity levels between 30-50%. Provide a water dish large enough for soaking and mist the enclosure as needed.

Lighting

• Light Cycle: Gopher Snakes benefit from a regular 12-hour light/dark cycle. UVB lighting is not necessary but can be used to simulate natural conditions.
• Lighting Options: Use incandescent or LED lights to provide a natural light cycle during the day.

Feeding

• Diet: Gopher Snakes are carnivorous, primarily eating rodents. They may also consume birds and eggs in the wild.
• Frequency: Feed juveniles every 5-7 days, and adults every 7-10 days.
• Prey: Offer appropriately sized, pre-killed prey. The prey should be no larger than the widest part of the snake’s body.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: Gopher Snakes are generally docile but can exhibit defensive behaviors if they feel threatened. Handle them gently and support their body, avoiding sudden movements. Regular handling helps them become more accustomed to human interaction.
• Behavior: They are primarily diurnal and active during the day. Gopher Snakes are known for their mimicry of rattlesnakes, including hissing and tail vibrating, to deter predators.

Health and Veterinary Care

• Common Issues: Monitor for respiratory infections, mites, and shedding problems. Ensure proper humidity and temperature to prevent health issues.
• Veterinary Care: Regular check-ups with a reptile veterinarian are essential to monitor their health and address any issues promptly.

Conclusion

Gopher Snakes are a striking and manageable species that make excellent pets for both beginners and experienced reptile keepers. Their impressive size, bold patterns, and fascinating behaviors make them a captivating addition to any reptile collection. With the right environment and care, Gopher Snakes can thrive and provide years of enjoyment to their keepers.