Western Rat Snakes

Western Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)

Overview

Rat Snakes are a diverse group of non-venomous constrictors native to North America, Asia, and parts of Europe. Known for their adaptability, impressive size, and striking patterns, they are popular among reptile enthusiasts. Their primary diet of rodents makes them beneficial for controlling pest populations, and their calm temperament makes them an excellent choice for pet keepers.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Adult Rat Snakes typically range from 4 to 7 feet in length, depending on the species.
• Lifespan: With proper care, they can live for 15-20 years.
• Appearance: Rat Snakes exhibit a variety of colors and patterns. Common colorations include shades of black, grey, brown, and orange, often with distinctive bands or blotches. Popular species include the Black Rat Snake, the Eastern Rat Snake, and the Yellow Rat Snake.

Housing

• Enclosure: A secure, escape-proof enclosure is essential. A 20-gallon tank is suitable for juveniles, while adults will need a larger enclosure, at least 40 gallons.
• Substrate: Use substrates like aspen shavings, cypress mulch, or newspaper. These substrates should be easy to clean and help maintain humidity.
• Hides: Provide multiple hiding spots to help them feel secure. Include one hide on the warm side and one on the cool side of the enclosure.
• Climbing: Rat Snakes enjoy climbing, so include branches, vines, and other structures to mimic their natural habitat.

Temperature and Humidity

• Temperature: Maintain a temperature gradient with a basking spot of 85-90°F and a cool side around 70-75°F.
• Heating: Use an under-tank heater or a ceramic heat emitter. Avoid direct contact with heat rocks to prevent burns.
• Humidity: Keep humidity levels between 40-60%. Provide a water dish large enough for soaking and mist the enclosure as needed.

Lighting

• Light Cycle: Rat Snakes benefit from a regular 12-hour light/dark cycle. UVB lighting is not necessary but can be used to simulate natural conditions.
• Lighting Options: Use incandescent or LED lights to provide a natural light cycle during the day.

Feeding

• Diet: Rat Snakes are carnivorous, primarily eating rodents. They may also consume small birds and reptiles in the wild.
• Frequency: Feed juveniles every 5-7 days, and adults every 7-10 days.
• Prey: Offer appropriately sized, pre-killed prey. The prey should be no larger than the widest part of the snake’s body.

Handling and Temperament

• Handling: Rat Snakes are generally docile and tolerate handling well. Handle them gently and support their body, avoiding sudden movements. Regular handling helps them become more accustomed to human interaction.
• Behavior: They are primarily nocturnal but can be active during the day. Rat Snakes are curious and enjoy exploring their environment.

Health and Veterinary Care

• Common Issues: Monitor for respiratory infections, mites, and shedding problems. Ensure proper humidity and temperature to prevent health issues.
• Veterinary Care: Regular check-ups with a reptile veterinarian are essential to monitor their health and address any issues promptly.

Conclusion

Rat Snakes are a fascinating and manageable species that make excellent pets for both beginners and experienced reptile keepers. Their adaptability, varied coloration, and ease of care make them a captivating addition to any reptile collection. With the right environment and care, Rat Snakes can thrive and provide years of enjoyment to their keepers.